Merge two or multiple dictionaries in Python

Using the merge() method (Python 3.9+):

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4}

merged_dict = dict1 | dict2
print(merged_dict)  # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

Using the update() method:

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4}

dict1.update(dict2)
print(dict1)    # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

Using the ** operator:

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4}

merged_dict = {**dict1, **dict2}
print(merged_dict)  # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

Using the chain() method from the itertools module:

from itertools import chain

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4}

merged_dict = dict(chain(dict1.items(), dict2.items()))
print(merged_dict)  # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}